Choosing a Long-Term Care Facility for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease

COLUMBUS, Ohio— Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disease that affects parts of the brain that control memory, thinking and judgment. Symptoms include gradual memory loss, decline in the ability to perform routine tasks, disorientation, loss of language skills, impairment of judgment and personality changes. While scientists do not fully understand what causes AD, it is believed that increasing age is the greatest risk factor. On average, people with AD live 8-10 years from the onset of symptoms. More than half live at home and are cared for by family or friends.

Nationally, about 4 million Americans have AD. One in 10 people over 65 and nearly half over 85 are affected. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, about 21,800 people in central Ohio have AD. While there is no specific test to determine AD, physicians assess memory and thinking skills, review medical history, conduct a physical exam, order lab tests and talk with family members to make a diagnosis.

Statistics from the Alzheimer’s Association show that one in 10 American families have a loved one with AD. Support groups and friends can help relieve feelings of stress, guilt, burden, anxiety or depression that caregivers or family members may face. Activities such as keeping a journal, creating a memory box, or making a family scrapbook can help preserve special memories.

There may come a time when you are no longer able to care for your loved one at home. Residential care may be considered when your loved one needs 24-hour supervision; when they develop difficulties with communication, toileting, bathing, or mobility; or when they begin exhibiting unique behaviors that you can not effectively or safely deal with at home. Doctors, social workers, churches, your local Alzheimer’s Association chapter or other community agencies can help.

There are many types of residential settings to consider. Housing-only facilities (also may be called retirement housing, senior apartments or senior living) are not licensed and typically do not offer 24-hour staffing. These facilities are usually not appropriate for those with AD. Assisted living facilities (also called board and care, group homes or community-based residential facilities) usually offer 24-hour staffing with various skill levels. The amount of care varies by facility and may be appropriate for those in early to middle stages of the disease. Skilled nursing care (also called long-term care, nursing homes, health and rehabilitation centers or health care centers) provides room and board with 24-hour skilled care by licensed nurses. These facilities are licensed by state and/or federal governments and must follow specific regulations. Continuing care retirement facilities (CCRCs) provide various levels of care on one campus.

Look for a center that specializes in or offers a specific unit for persons with AD. Arrange a visit in advance with a staff member who can provide a tour and answer questions. Because licensed facilities are regulated by the state, you can ask to see the most recent survey. The survey includes the results of the most recent inspection and lists what areas, if any, need improvement.

Find out how the facility will personalize care for your loved one. Ensure that your loved one will be treated with dignity and respect by properly trained staff. Ask if they can bring personal belongings for their room, and what types of activities are available. Units specializing in AD treatments are usually separate from the rest of the facility. This keeps distractions to a minimum, provides a soothing atmosphere, and maintains a safe, structured environment.

Select a facility that matches your loved one’s lifestyle, whether it’s home-like and cozy or formal and elegant. Ask how the staff will help ease the transition. Find out what support systems are available and how involved you can remain in your loved one’s life. Finally, make sure you understand financial agreements and payment methods.

Selecting the right facility for your loved one with AD takes time. But the right facility can provide a safe, loving environment with the dignity and respect they deserve.

Sarah Mitchell is the administrator of Columbus West Park Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, 1700 Heinzerling Drive. She can be reached at 274-4222.